BIOSENSORS - The powerful recognition programs of biological chemicals (enzymes, antibodies, DNA) are coupled to microelectronics to enable fast, accurate low- level detection of such substances as sugars and proteins (reminiscent of hormones) in body fluids, pollutants in water and gases in air. Various sugars and amino acids can serve as attractants while some substances similar to acid or alkali serve as repellants in microbial chemotaxis. GLYCOSYLATION - The covalent attachment of sugars to an amino acid within the protein portion of a glycoprotein. In case you are an athlete, you may take amino acids before, during and after coaching. The availability of diverse amino acid varieties has resulted in the development of varied products with totally different compositions and benefits, thereby contributing to the growth of the amino acids manufacturer for supplements acids market.