The Urban Heat Island effect is observed in many cities, where built-up areas tend to be warmer than surrounding rural areas due to different land cover types and their thermal properties. This effect has numerous consequences, including increased energy consumption, heat-related illnesses, and discomfort for residents. As temperatures keep rising globally, finding ways to mitigate the UHI effects is vital. Among various strategies for cooling cities, a relatively simple yet effective approach involves the use of solar water heaters.
Solar water heaters (SWHs) are a type of renewable energy technology that taps solar water heater energy to provide hot water, heating water in this process using a system comprising solar panels or solar collector, insulation, a heat exchanger, and a storage tank. They rely on electricity, which is already present in most urban areas, reducing the energy required for their operation.
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